The FESS is an electromechanical conversion system that stores energy as kinetic energy, operates in a vacuum environment, and has merits such as high-power density, fast response, high efficiency, long lifetime, and green environmental protection. 17,18 The FESS has been applied to power smoothing, 19,20 frequency regulation, 21–23 and power quality improvement 24,25 of the wind turbine generator system (WTGS).
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